For patients with a history of severe cardio-pulmonary conditions, which modifier is applicable?

The appropriate modifier for patients with a history of severe cardio-pulmonary conditions is B. G9. This modifier specifically indicates that the procedure performed was a surgical procedure that is more extensive due to the patient's severe underlying health conditions that may increase risks during or after surgery. The use of the G9 modifier helps to alert payers that the patient may be at a higher risk, which can be important for medical necessity determinations.

This is crucial for documenting the complexity of the patient's condition and justifying any additional resources or precautions needed during the procedure. By using this modifier, healthcare providers ensure that appropriate attention is given to the patient's health status, which can influence surgical outcomes and recovery.

Other modifiers listed do not specifically address the severe cardio-pulmonary condition context. G8 pertains to procedures requiring monitored anesthesia care, QS indicates a procedure requiring the use of a regional anesthetic, while QX is used to indicate a medical direction by a physician for a certified registered nurse anesthetist (CRNA). None of these options reflect the risk associated with severe cardio-pulmonary conditions related to surgery as clearly as the G9 modifier does.