What is an example of a lawful exception for disclosing PHI without patient consent?

Disclosing protected health information (PHI) without patient consent is allowed under certain lawful exceptions, one of which includes public safety concerns. When there is an imminent threat to an individual's health or safety, or to the public at large, healthcare providers may disclose necessary information to prevent harm. This may involve sharing information with law enforcement, public health authorities, or others who can avert the danger.

In contrast, marketing purposes typically require patient consent, as they are not deemed essential for immediate safety or health. General research often demands either explicit consent or the use of de-identified information to comply with privacy regulations. Requests for billing purposes are generally allowed under HIPAA, but they fall under regular administrative practices rather than emergency situations warranting immediate disclosure. Thus, public safety concerns stand out as a clear, permissible reason for sharing PHI without consent, emphasizing the protective nature of health information laws when public welfare is at stake.